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1. SIGMA XI, THE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH SOCIETY
2. BYLAWS OF THE SOCIETY
   
3. BYLAW I. Activities of the Society. Activities appropriate to the
4. fulfillment of the object of the Society include: the election to
5. membership and associate membership in the Society of students,
6. faculty members, investigators in research institutions and others
7. who meet the requirements for membership set forth in Article II,
8. Section 3 A and B of the Constitution; the maintenance of
9. companionship among the membership in various fields of science
10. through association with chapters; the holding of meetings for the
11. discussion of scientific subjects; the publication of American
12. Scientist and other publications devoted to the dissemination of
13. scientific information, especially the results of research in progress;
14. and the encouragement of scientific research through other means
15. such as Grants-in-Aid of Research to individual investigators, the
16. presentation of awards for excellence in research and the
17. maintenance of the lectureship programs.
   
18. BYLAW II. Membership in the Society
   
19. Section 1. Membership of Chapters. A. Chapters. The
20. membership of a chapter, subject to the requirements of Article IV,
21. Section 1 of the Constitution, shall consist of the active Members
22. and the active Associate Members who present satisfactory
23. credentials showing election to membership in the Society, who
24. request affiliation with the chapter and who are accepted by the
25. chapter. They shall be recorded as such in the Headquarters of the
26. Society.
   
27. B. Membership-at-Large. The membership-at-large, subject to the
28. requirements of Article IV, Section 1 of the Constitution, shall
29. consist of the active Members and the active Associate Members
30. who are not affiliated with any chapter. They shall be recorded as
31. such in the Headquarters of the Society.
   
32. Section 2. Criteria for Membership. A. General Requirements.
33. In the expanding field of science, enumeration of those disciplines
34. appropriate to membership in the Society is not possible as the sole
35. basis for defining the criteria for membership. For this reason,
36. nomination of an individual engaged in scientific research may be
37. made provided that the nominee is, by the quantitative emphasis of
38. the work combined with its synthesis and qualitative stature, deemed
39. eligible for nomination.
   
40. B. Noteworthy Achievement. Noteworthy achievement in research
41. specified for election or promotion to full membership, Article II,
42. Section 3 A of the Constitution, must be evidenced by publications,
43. patents, written reports or a thesis or dissertation, which must be
44. available to the Committee on Admissions if requested. If the work
45. is "classified," it shall be assessed for the Committee on Admissions
46. by a "cleared" Member. Membership in the Society is neither linked
47. to the possession of any degree nor contingent upon belonging to
48. some other organization.
   
49. C. Research Aptitude. Research aptitude specified for election to
50. associate membership, Article II, Section 3 B of the Constitution,
51. must be evidenced by independent investigation ordinarily resulting
52. in a written report, which must be available to the Committee on
53. Admissions if requested. If the work is "classified," it shall be
54. assessed for the Committee on Admissions by a "cleared" Member.
55. Associate membership is offered to encourage young investigators
56. with promise to continue careers in research. In making the
57. nomination for such membership, both the nominator and the
58. seconder attest to the nominee's potential for future promotion to
59. Member.
   
60. Section 3. Nomination Procedures. A. Responsibility. The
61. responsibility for nomination of an individual for membership in the
62. Society, and thus upholding the high ideals of the Society, rests upon
63. the Members of the Society. Only those individuals whose research
64. achievements deserve special recognition should be nominated as
65. Members, and only those individuals whose potential for future
66. success in research, and thus eventual attainment of full
67. membership, should be nominated for Associate Members.
68. Membership in Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Society is an
69. honor and requires discriminating judgment on the part of the
70. membership and of the Committee on Admissions.
   
71. B. To a Chapter. Each nomination for election as a Member or an
72. Associate Member to a chapter shall: (i) be made in writing, (ii)
73. present full evidence of the eligibility of the nominee, and (iii) be
74. signed by at least two active Members of the chapter as nominator
75. and seconder. Such written nomination shall be sent to the secretary
76. of the chapter who shall, in turn, deliver it to the Committee on
77. Admissions of the chapter for its consideration.
   
78. C. To the Membership-at-Large. Each nomination for election as
79. a Member or an Associate Member to the membership-at-large shall:
80. (i) be made in writing, (ii) present full evidence of the eligibility of
81. the nominee, and (iii) be signed by at least two active Members of
82. the Society as nominator and seconder. Nominations for Associate
83. Members shall be signed by Members of the nominee's current
84. institution, or shall explain how the nominator/seconder have
85. personal knowledge of the nominee's research activities and
86. contributions. All nominations to the membership-at-large shall be
87. sent for consideration to the committee designated by the Board of
88. Directors as its Committee on Admissions.
   
89. Section 4. Committee on Admissions. A. Selection. (i) Of a
90. chapter. Each chapter shall have a Committee on Admissions
91. composed of Members of the chapter and selected in a manner
92. prescribed in the bylaws of the chapter.
   
93. (ii) Of the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors shall
94. designate an appropriate committee to serve as a Committee on
95. Admissions.
   
96. B. Duties and Responsibilities. (i) Consideration of Nominees.
97. Each Committee on Admissions shall carefully consider and vote on
98. all nominations that have been duly received, and shall recommend
99. to the chapter for election/promotion those candidates for full
100. membership or associate membership who have been approved by
101. the Committee.
   
102. (ii) Review of the Roster. The Committee on Admissions of a 
103. chapter shall periodically review the roster of Associate Members
104. with the view of possible promotion to full membership. Also, an
105. Associate Member may submit to the secretary of the chapter which
106. elected them, or to the secretary of the chapter with which the
107. Associate Member is currently affiliated, evidence of eligibility for
108. promotion to full membership.
   
109. Section 5. Election to Membership. A. Responsibility.
110. Responsibility for the election of an individual to membership in the
111. Society as a Member or Associate Member is vested in the full
112. membership of a chapter or in the committee so designated by the
113. Board. In the election of new members, the full membership shall
114. be guided by the recommendations of the Committee on
115. Admissions.
   
116. B. Procedures. (i) Of a Chapter. A chapter shall vote only on
117. those nominees for membership who have been recommended by the
118. Committee on Admissions. An affirmative vote of at least three-
119. fourths of the Members present and voting at a meeting shall be
120. necessary for election or promotion.
   
121. (ii) Of the Committee Designated by the Board . The committee
122. designated by the Board shall elect or promote to membership in the
123. Society those nominees of which the Committee approves.
   
124. (iii) Exception for Chapters. Without limiting its own power in
125. paragraph B (i) above, a chapter may empower its Committee on
126. Admissions to elect/promote to membership or associate
127. membership in the Society provided that in each such
128. election/promotion a unanimous vote of the Committee shall be
129. required.
   
130. Section 6. Initiation of New Members. A. Procedures. (i)
131. Member-elect present. Each Member-elect and each Associate
132. Member-elect in a chapter shall, except as provided for in (ii) below,
133. be initiated at such time after the election as the bylaws of the
134. chapter prescribe and in accordance with the form prescribed in B,
135. below, before being admitted to membership in the Society. At the
136. conclusion of the initiation ceremony, the new members shall be
137. presented to the chapter.
   
138. (ii) Member-elect or Associate Member-elect Absent and
139. Member-elect or Associate Member-elect by the Committee
140. Designated by the Board . Any Members-elect or Associate
141. Members-elect who are unable to attend a regular initiation
142. ceremony are required to state to either the president of the electing
143. chapter or to the Chair of the committee designated by the Board,
144. that they (a) have read the culture, mission and vision
145. statements of the Society and (b) assent in writing to the Pledge,
146. whereupon they shall be admitted to membership in the Society.
   
147. (iii) Honorary Members. Honorary Members shall be initiated
148. into the Society by the President, or by a person designated by the
149. President, at a suitable ceremony.
   
150. B. Pledge of the Society. Members-elect and Associate Members-
151. elect shall be informed of the aims and objectives of the Society, and
152. shall be required to assent, either orally or in writing to the president
153. of the electing chapter or the president’s deputy, or in writing to the
154. Chair of the committee designated by the Board , to the following
155. Pledge: "Do you hereby pledge yourself, in accordance with the
156. purposes and objectives of Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research
157. Society, to encourage original investigations in science, to foster
158. companionship and cooperation among scientists, to maintain honor,
159. integrity and honesty in all scientific activities, and to assume the
160. other continuing responsibilities of membership?" Members-elect
161. and Associate Members-elect who attend a regular initiation are
162. expected to have read the culture, mission and vision statements
163. of the Society, whereupon they are admitted to membership in the
164. Society.
   
165. C. Certificate of Membership. (i) Members and Associate
166. Members. Upon admission to membership, each new Member or
167. Associate Member shall receive a certificate of membership which
168. shall be in a form approved by the Assembly of Delegates, bear the
169. Seal of the Society, and be signed by the President of the Society, the
170. Executive Director, and the president and secretary of the electing
171. chapter or the Chair of the committee designated by the Board
172. Each new Member or Associate Member shall also receive the
173. official emblem, or the authorization to secure such emblem.
   
174. (ii) Honorary Members. Honorary Members shall receive a
175. suitable certificate of membership approved by the Board of
176. Directors, bearing the Seal of the Society, and signed by the
177. President and the Executive Director.
   
178. Section 7. Changes in Membership Status. A. Active to Inactive
179. Active members who fail to comply with the provisions of Article
180. IV, Section 1 of the Constitution shall be transferred to inactive
181. membership, and shall be recorded as such in the Headquarters of
182. the Society.
   
183. B. Inactive to Active. An inactive member may, at any time and at
184. the member's discretion, be returned to active membership by
185. complying with the provisions of Article IV, Section 1 of the
186. Constitution, and by indicating to the Headquarters of the Society the
187. chapter, or the membership-at-large, with which the member wishes
188. to be affiliated. Such change shall be recorded appropriately in the
189. Headquarters of the Society.
   
190. C. Life Membership. Procedures for attainment of Life
191. Membership shall be established, from time to time, by the Board of
192. Directors and ratified by the Assembly of Delegates. Upon
193. attainment of Life Membership, the member is relieved thereafter
194. from complying with the provisions of Article IV, Section 1 of the
195. Constitution.
   
196. D. Emeritus Status. Any active Member or Associate Member
197. who has paid annual dues for the immediately preceding 10 years
198. and who has reached the age of 65, or who, at any age, has paid
199. annual dues for the immediately preceding 30 years, may upon
200. retirement request emeritus status. This status permits continued
201. active association with the Society as provided for in Bylaw IV,
202. Section 1 A (iii).
   
203. BYLAW III. Organization of the Society
   
204. Section 1. Chapters. A. Chapters. (i) Location and
205. Requirements for a Chapter. A chapter may be established by
206. action of the Board of Directors, advised by a committee designated
207. by the Board , at any location where scientific research is cultivated
208. and promoted. Of considerable importance are evidences of official
209. commitments to the development and support of research by the
210. institution in the immediate and long-range future.
   
211. Ordinarily locations approved for chapter status will be single
212. educational, governmental, or industrial institutions whose
213. permanency is reasonably assured. In some instances chapters may
214. be approved at locations whose research strength and potential is
215. dependent upon the combined research organizations of two or more
216. institutions so situated physically that they can participate together as
217. companions in zealous research.
   
218. Before any petitioning group can be recommended for chapter status,
219. a committee designated by the Board shall ascertain by inquiry,
220. study, and visits, where appropriate, if the conditions at the
221. institution(s) involved are conducive to further scientific research.
   
222. (ii) The Petition. A petition for the granting of a charter for the
223. establishment of a chapter shall be communicated to the Executive
224. Director, who, in turn, shall refer it to the committee designated by
225. the Board to determine the suitability of the petition. At least 18
226. active members, of whom at least 9 must be full active Members,
227. must agree in the petition to become members of the chapter. If the
228. committee , by at least a three-fourths majority vote, recommends
229. approval of the Board of Directors, and it, in turn, approves by a like
230. vote, the Executive Director shall initiate the process of installation
231. of a new chapter.
   
232. (iii) Chapter Charter. Each charter for the establishment of a new
233. chapter shall be signed by the President and the Executive Director,
234. and shall be presented by the installing officer to the petitioning
235. group at a special installation ceremony arranged by the petitioning
236. group in consultation with the Executive Director. The form of the
237. charter is set forth in Bylaw III, Section 1 D (i) and (ii) , below.
   
238. (iv) Affiliation with a Chapter. A Member or Associate Member,
239. upon presenting satisfactory credentials showing election to
240. membership in the Society, and complying with the provisions of
241. Article IV, Section 1 of the Constitution, is entitled to appropriate
242. membership in any chapter depending upon such relationship to the
243. institution(s) hosting the chapter as said institution(s) may require.
   
244. (v) Revocation of a Chapter Charter. Any chapter not in good
245. standing (Bylaw III, 1C) will be placed on probation for a one year
246. period by the committee designated by the Board to oversee chapter
247. activities. If after one year on probation, a chapter has not returned
248. to good standing, the committee may initiate the necessary action
249. for revocation of the chapter's charter as indicated below. The
250. charter of a chapter may be revoked by the Board of Directors, by a
251. three-fourths majority vote of those present at a meeting of the
252. Board, provided the Board action was taken in response to a three-
253. fourths majority vote of the members of the committee present at a
254. meeting following a thorough investigation of the chapter concerned
255. and the taking of all possible remedial steps to preclude the necessity
256. for such action by the committee.
   
257. B. Good Standing of Chapters. To remain in good standing, a
258. chapter should (a) elect and initiate, via any mechanism open to the
259. chapter, new Members and/or Associate Members on at least one
260. occasion in two consecutive years, or, for chapters at non-academic
261. institutions, provide a record satisfactory to the appropriate
262. committee designated by the Board of either contributions to and
263. involvement in improvement of mathematics and science education
264. or the promotion of science or engineering to young people, (b) file
265. with the Executive Director an annual report on or about 1 July of
266. each year, providing evidence that the chapter is contributing to the
267. encouragement of scientific research, pure or applied, and is serving
268. the other objectives of the Society, (c) be represented at the
269. Assembly of Delegates at least once every three years, and (d)
270. provide timely annual notification to the Executive Director of the
271. officers of the chapter.
   
272. C. (reserved)
   
273. D. The Charter. The charter issued to a chapter shall contain two
274. paragraphs, to wit:
   
275. (i) First Paragraph. The first paragraph of the charter of a chapter
276. shall be in the following form:
   
277. "Be it hereby known that a charter for the establishment of a chapter
278. of Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Society at .........to be known as
279. the ........Chapter, is hereby granted to the following persons as
280. Charter Members and Charter Associate Members, conveying to
281. them and to their duly elected successors all the privileges and
282. responsibilities conferred by the Constitution of the Society; (list of
283. names)"
   
284. (ii) Second Paragraph. The second paragraph of the charter of a
285. chapter shall be in the following form:
   
286. "In witness whereof, the signatures of the President and the
287. Executive Director, together with the Seal of the Society, are
288. hereunto affixed on the ..........day of ..........in the year......."
   
289. E. Geographic Regions. Chapters located in North America are
290. assigned to the geographic region in which they are located.
291. Chapters located outside North America shall be assigned to a
292. geographic region by the Board of Directors after consultation with
293. the chapter. A chapter having special ties to a chapter in another
294. region may ask to be reassigned, and the Board of Directors shall act
295. on such requests. Once each decade the Board of Directors shall
296. evaluate the distribution of members and chapters within the
297. geographic regions and make appropriate changes to geographic
298. boundaries.
   
299. F. Constituency Groups. Chapters located in the United States and
300. its territories are assigned by the Board of Directors to one of four
301. constituency groups of chapters from similar institutions. Chapters
302. located outside of the United States and its territories are assigned to
303. the Canadian/International constituency group. A chapter may ask to
304. be reassigned to a different constituency group, and the Board of
305. Directors shall act on such requests.
   
306. Section 2. The Assembly of Delegates. A. Duties of the
307. Assembly. The Assembly of Delegates shall meet annually in
308. General Session at which time the delegates shall consider and act
309. upon business, and elect such officers as may be required.
   
310. B. Caucuses. In addition to the General Sessions of the Assembly
311. of Delegates attended by all delegates, the Annual Meeting shall
312. provide time for caucuses of each geographic region and
313. constituency group at which time the delegates may meet and
314. conduct such discussions and business, including the election of a
315. Director, a member of the Committee on Nominations, and members
316. of the region or group nominating committees, as may be required.
317. The appropriate Director shall preside over each caucus. Directors
318. prepare agendas of matters to be discussed, which shall include
319. matters of interest to science and to the Society as a whole, as well
320. as matters specific to the interest of the geographic region or
321. constituency group. The Director may act as spokesperson for the
322. geographic region or constituency group at General Sessions of the
323. Assembly of Delegates.
   
324. C. (reserved)
   
325. D. (reserved)
   
326. E. (reserved)
   
327. F. Agenda of the General Session of the Assembly of Delegates.
328. (i) Order of Business. The Preliminary Agenda of the General
329. Session of an Assembly of Delegates shall set forth the order of
330. business proposed by the President. The Preliminary Agenda may
331. be amended at the opening of the First Session of said Assembly,
332. and shall be adopted by a majority vote of the Assembly of
333. Delegates.
   
334. (ii) Change in the Order of Business. The regular order of
335. business, having been adopted, may be suspended or modified by a
336. three-fourths majority vote of the Assembly of Delegates.
   
337. (iii) Rules of Order. Meetings of the Assembly of Delegates shall
338. be conducted in accordance with the current edition of Robert's
339. Rules of Order Newly Revised, except when in conflict with the
340. Constitution or Bylaws, in which case the Constitution or Bylaws
341. shall prevail. The President shall serve as the presiding officer of the
342. Assembly, and the Executive Director as its secretary. The presiding
343. officer may limit debate for the purpose of maintaining the time
344. schedule of the Assembly.
   
345. (iv) Limitations on Resolutions. (a) No resolution, except those
346. reported by official committees or those hereinafter defined, will be
347. in order for consideration by an Assembly of Delegates unless
348. having been presented first to the Committee on Resolutions. All
349. proposed resolutions of a substantive nature, including motions, to
350. be eligible for passage at an Assembly of Delegates, must have been
351. submitted 150 days prior to the convening of that Assembly of
352. Delegates and circulated to the chapters 60 days in advance of the
353. meeting. The Executive Director shall inform the chapters of the
354. final date for submission of proposed resolutions, and invite the
355. chapters to make their submissions through the Executive Director.
356. (b) Motions and resolutions of a substantive nature offered by the
357. Board of Directors, or motions and resolutions merely expressing the
358. sense of the Assembly, such as commemorative resolutions, are
359. exempt from this provision. (c) Proposals concerning resolutions of
360. a substantive nature may be considered by the Assembly of
361. Delegates for inclusion on the agenda of the next Assembly of
362. Delegates, and a majority vote of the current Assembly of Delegates
363. on such a proposal shall require that it be placed on the agenda of the
364. next Assembly.
   
365. (v) The Committee on Resolutions. The President shall appoint a
366. Committee on Resolutions to consist of three members at least 150
367. days prior to the convening of an Assembly of Delegates.
   
368. Section 3. Officers of the Society. A. (reserved)
   
369. B. Election of Officers. (i) Nomination by the Committee on
370. Nominations. The Committee on Nominations shall present to the
371. chapters through the Executive Director, at least 60 days prior to the
372. convening of the Assembly of Delegates, a report which shall
373. provide: (a) at least two nominees for President-elect; (b) at least
374. two nominees for Treasurer, when required; together with (c) the
375. normal biographical information such as would be available in
376. standard publications and, in addition, data on past service to the
377. Society together with the assurance that the nominee will serve if
378. elected. To assist the Committee in its selection of nominees for
379. Treasurer, the President, in consultation with the President-elect and
380. the Chair of the Committee, shall appoint a search committee of not
381. less than three and not more than five persons, none of whom may
382. be an officer of the Society and not more than two of whom may be
383. members of the Committee on Nominations. The search committee
384. shall be appointed not less than three months before the Committee
385. on Nominations meets to determine its nominees for Treasurer.
   
386. (ii) Additional Nominations. Additional nominations for
387. President-elect and for Treasurer may be made provided each
388. nominee is supported by at least three chapters and further provided
389. that the chapters have been furnished by the proposers through the
390. Executive Director at least 21 days prior to the convening of the
391. Assembly of Delegates with the name of the nominee and the
392. additional information required in (i) above.
   
393. C. (reserved)
   
394. D. Vacancies. (i) In One Office. In the case of a vacancy in the
395. office of President, the President-elect shall assume the office and
396. the duties of the President they succeed and also serve the full
397. presidential term of one year for which they were elected. In the
398. case of a vacancy in the office of President-elect, the most recently
399. retired president shall assume the duties, but not the office, until the
400. next Assembly of Delegates, at which time both a President and a
401. President-elect shall be elected. The newly elected President shall,
402. in the interim between election by the Assembly of Delegates and
403. the beginning of the elected term, serve as the President-elect. In the
404. case of a vacancy in the office of Immediate Past President, the most
405. recently retired President available shall assume the duties, but not
406. the office, for the remainder of the term. In the case of a vacancy in
407. the office of Treasurer, the President shall appoint a Treasurer to
408. serve until the next Assembly of Delegates, at which time a
409. successor shall be elected for the unexpired balance of the term of
410. office.
   
411. (ii) President and President-elect. Both Vacant. If the offices of
412. both President and President-elect are simultaneously vacant, the
413. Immediate Past President, or the Executive Director or Treasurer,
414. shall convene the Board of Directors, which shall have the authority
415. to fill the office of President and to appoint an individual to assume
416. the duties, but not the office, of President-elect until the next
417. Assembly of Delegates, at which time both a President and a
418. President-elect shall be elected. Those individuals elected shall
419. immediately assume office completing the unexpired terms of their
420. predecessors prior to serving the terms for which they were elected.
   
421. Section 4. Board of Directors. A. Membership. The Board of
422. Directors shall consist of the President, the President-elect, the
423. Immediate Past President, the Treasurer, the Executive Director
424. (without vote), a Director elected for each geographic region by the
425. chapters in the region, a Director elected for each const