2000 Sigma Xi Forum Speaker/Panelist Biographies

Francisco J. Ayala
A biologist at the University of California at Irvine noted for his contributions to population and evolution genetics, Francisco J. Ayala will receive Sigma Xi’s 2000 William Procter Prize for Scientific Achievement. He has made singular contributions not only to his discipline but to education, philosophy, ethics, religion and national science policy. With more than 700 articles and 15 books to his credit, his philosophical writings range from the scientific method to the biological foundations of ethics. Among his books are Tempo and Mode in Evolution (1995), Modern Genetics (second edition, 1984), Population and Evolutionary Genetics: A Primer (1982), and Evolving: The Theory and Processes of Organic Evolution (1979). A member of Sigma Xi, Ayala has served on the governing council of the National Academy of Sciences and as president and chairman of the board of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

Stephanie J. Bird
Stephanie Bird is special assistant to the provost of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where she works on the development of educational programs that address ethical issues in science and the professional responsibilities of scientists. Her research interests emphasize the ethical, legal and social policy implications of scientific research, especially in the area of neuroscience. Dr. Bird is a laboratory-trained neuroscientist whose graduate work at Yale and postdoctoral fellowships at Johns Hopkins and Case Western Reserve University dealt with the effects of psychoactive substances on brain function. Co-editor of the journal Science and Engineering Ethics, Dr. Bird is a past president and recently became one of the first Fellows of the Association for Women in Science.

Peter D. Blair
Peter Blair is executive director of Sigma Xi and publisher of American Scientist magazine. Previously he was assistant director of the Congressional Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) and director of that agency’s Industry, Commerce and International Security Division, where he directed programs on energy, transportation and infrastructure; on international security and space; and on industry, telecommunications and commerce. In the 1980s he co-founded and served as a principal of Technecon Consulting Group, Inc., an engineering-economic consulting firm in Philadelphia specializing in investment decision analysis of energy projects and in developing, financing and managing independent power generation projects. Blair received a B.S. in electrical engineering from Swarthmore College, and an M.S.E. in systems engineering and M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in energy management and policy from the University of Pennsylvania.

John Browne
John C. Browne has been director of Los Alamos National Laboratory since 1997. He came to the laboratory in 1979 as a group leader in the Physics Division and went on to hold numerous administrative positions, including associate director for computational and information sciences, associate director for defense research and applications, associate director for research, and associate director for experimental physics. From 1993 to 1997, Browne was program director for Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) and energy research programs, responsible for overseeing LANSCE research and operations and for coordinating the Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Research programs. A member of Sigma Xi and the American Association for the Advancement of Science, he is a Fellow in the American Physical Society as well as a member of Phi Kappa Phi and Sigma Pi Sigma honor societies.

David C. Clark
David C. Clark is a clinical psychologist and the Stanley G. Harris Family Professor of Psychiatry at Rush Medical College. He has been the research integrity officer at Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke Medical Center for a decade, and director of research affairs there for two years. He has been on the Rush faculty since 1974. Clark’s research has been focused in the areas of mood and anxiety disorders, evaluating and treating suicidal persons, and the psychosocial development of medical professionals. He is a member of the International Academy for Suicide Research and recently served as secretary-general of the International Association for Suicide Prevention. A member of Sigma Xi, Clark is editor of a half-dozen national and international scientific journals on suicide prevention.

Robert C. Dynes
Robert C. Dynes is chancellor of the University of California at San Diego. Born in London, Ontario, he received his B.Sc. in mathematics and physics at the University of Western Ontario and his M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in physics at McMaster University. From 1968 to 1990, he served in a variety of capacities at AT&T Bell Laboratories, including head of the departments of semiconductors and material physics research, as well as director of chemical physics research. Since 1991, Dynes has been a professor of physics at the University of California at San Diego, where he has chaired the department and also served as senior vice chancellor for academic affairs. He became university chancellor in 1996. A member of the National Academy of Sciences, Dynes is a Fellow of the American Physical Society and the Canadian Institute of Advanced Research and a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. His research has included studies of electron properties and transport in semiconductors and metals, including superconductors.

Robert J. Eagan
Robert Eagan is vice president for the Energy, Information and Infrastructure Surety Division at Sandia National Laboratories, where he has also served as vice president of the Physical Sciences, Electronics and Components Division. Dr. Eagan received his Ph.D. in ceramic engineering from the University of Illinois. He is a past president of the Federation of Materials Societies, a member of the National Research Council Board on Manufacturing and Engineering Design and serves on several university advisory boards. He is also a member of American Association for the Advancement of Science, the New Mexico Academy of Sciences, the National Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Keramos (an honorary fraternity of ceramic engineers). Dr. Eagan is a distinguished life member of the American Ceramic Society, of which he is a past president, and he recently completed a term on the National Materials Advisory Board.

Peggy Fischer
As associate inspector general for scientific integrity in the National Science Foundation’s Office of the Inspector General, Peggy Fischer is responsible for the management and resolution of all allegations of wrongdoing involving NSF activities, including misconduct in science. She works closely with NSF grantees and other government agencies to resolve allegations. She also directs the office’s outreach program, which is designed to develop and improve partnerships with institutions, NSF and members of the scientific community. Prior to joining the NSF, Fischer served as a senior program officer for the National Research Council’s Board on Biology, where she worked principally on the Funding of Young Investigators project, as well as on biodiversity and conservation issues. A member of Sigma Xi, she did her postdoctoral research at the National Cancer Institute and the University of Connecticut Health Center.

Paul Fleury
Paul Fleury is dean of the School of Engineering and professor of electrical and computer engineering at the University of New Mexico. Prior to that, he was vice president for research and exploratory technology at Sandia National Laboratories and spent 30 years at AT&T Bell Laboratories, serving as director of the Materials and Processing Research Laboratory, among other positions. Fleury holds five patents and has authored more than 120 scientific publications. A Fellow of the American Physical Society and the American Association for the Advancement of Science, he received the Michelson-Morley Award for his experimental research on laser spectroscopy and nonlinear optics in condensed matter and the Frank Isakson Prize for his research on optical phenomena in condensed matter systems. A member of Sigma Xi, he is a member of the National Academy of Engineering and the National Academy of Sciences.

John L. Fodor
John L. Fodor is executive director of Educational Media Resources, Inc., a not-for-profit corporation specializing in educational programming, and he is also the senior researcher at the Research Center on Computing and Society at Southern Connecticut State University. His work and research focus on computer and information ethics. He has produced and directed more than a dozen video documentaries on computing and human values including: Teaching Computer Ethics; Equity and Access to Computing Resources; and Privacy in the Computer Age. Fodor is co-editor (with Bynum and Maner) of: Teaching Computing and Human Values; Equity and Access to Computing Resources; Computing and Privacy, Computing Security, Ownership of Software and Intellectual Property, and Human Value Issues in Academic Computing. As a media producer and director he has won AXIEM, Calop, Cheta, Communicator, Emmy and International Cindy Awards.

Sybil Francis
Sybil Francis is a senior policy analyst at the Office of Science and Technology Policy, where she coordinates special initiatives related to the nation's universities and national laboratories. Prior to her tenure at the White House, she was a research associate at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, where she conducted studies on the social and political forces shaping technology development. In the early part of her career she was chief legislative assistant for a senior member of Congress focussing on science and technology policy issues. Her Ph.D. in political science is from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and her B.A. in chemistry is from Oberlin College.

Robert A. Frosch
A former vice president of research at General Motors and former head of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Robert A. Frosch is senior research fellow at the Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard University's John F. Kennedy School of Government. In 1966 he was nominated by President Lyndon Johnson as assistant secretary of the Navy for research and development, continuing in that post through the first Nixon administration. Frosch also served as the first assistant executive director of the United Nations Environment Programme and as associate director for applied oceanography at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. He is a past president of Sigma Xi.

John H. (Jack) Gibbons
John H. (Jack) Gibbons is a former assistant to the president for science and technology and director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy. Since leaving the White House, he has been involved in a variety of public and private service activities. These include serving as a senior fellow at the National Academy of Engineering, as a special advisor to the U.S. Department of State and as 2000-2001 president of Sigma Xi. In addition, Gibbons is a member of the International Energy Panel of the President’s Committee of Advisors on Science and Technology, a member of the steering committee of the National Climate Assessment and also serves on the Committee of Advisors of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. During 1998-99, he was the Karl T. Compton Lecturer at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

David Goodstein
David L. Goodstein is vice provost and professor of physics and applied physics at the California Institute of Technology. His book, States of Matter, first published in 1975, was hailed as the book that launched a new discipline: condensed-matter physics. Goodstein chairs the national advisory committee to the mathematical and physical sciences directorate of the National Science Foundation. He was also the host and project director of The Mechanical Universe, a 52-part college physics telecourse based on his popular lectures at Caltech. The project won the 1987 Japan Prize for television. In recent times, Goodstein has turned his attention to issues related to conduct and misconduct in science, developing an academic subspecialty in this area. Together with his colleague, James Woodward, he developed a course on research ethics that has been taught at Caltech since the early 1990s. A Sigma Xi member, Goodstein has been selected to receive Sigma Xi’s 2000 John P. McGovern Science and Society Award.

Holly Gwin
Holly L. Gwin rejoined the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) as Chief of Staff and General Counsel in May 1997; she first served OSTP as General Counsel from February 1993 through July 1995. During her hiatus from OSTP, she served as Deputy Director and Counsel for the Presidential Advisory Committee on Gulf War Veterans’ Illnesses, where she directed the research staff and coordinated production of several reports. Gwin worked at the Congressional Office of Technology Assessment from 1982 through January 1993. She served as General Counsel and also worked as an analyst (Genetic Witness: Forensic Uses of DNA) and as a project director (Identifying and Controlling Immunotoxicants; Identifying and Controlling Pulmonary Toxicants). Gwin earned her B.A. and her J.D. from the University of Tennessee at Knoxville.

Beverly K. Hartline
Beverly Hartline is the acting deputy associate laboratory director for strategic and supporting research at Los Alamos National Laboratory. This directorate oversees eight of the laboratory’s scientific divisions, with more than 1,800 scientists and engineers and more than 500 undergraduate and graduate students in a broad range of fields. She is a former assistant director for physical science and engineering for the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP). In this position Hartline was involved with policy, budget, human resources and major facilities associated with physical sciences, engineering and mathematics research. In addition, she was the OSTP lead for federal laboratories, scientific user facilities and the Government Performance and Results Act, and she provided staff support to the Energy R&D Panel of the President’s Committee of Advisors on Science and Technology.

Wendell B. Jones
Wendell Jones is the laboratory ombudsman for Sandia National Laboratories and a co-founder of the Ombuds Program there, which supports the development of enhanced conflict management skills for everyone in the Sandia community and provides third-party support for dispute resolution. Jones is involved in about 400 cases annually and conducts some 50 mediations per year. He is also board president and a volunteer mediator for the New Mexico Center for Dispute Resolution and a volunteer mediator for the Alliance for Constructive Communication. Jones served for nine years as the manager of several materials science research departments at Sandia. He earned his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in materials science.

Elysa Koppelman
Elysa Koppelman received her Ph.D. in philosophy last year from the University of Iowa. Her areas of specialization include ethics, moral psychology, personal identity and contemporary Jewish philosophy. Her work in bioethics has focused on such issues as organ donation and surrogate decision-making for patients with Alzheimer's Disease. Her interests also include the tension between Kantian and Utilitarian principles when making ethical decisions regarding research and the so-called gray area in research ethics. "While there are many incidents and behaviors that almost all agree are unethical and many that most believe are sound and ethical, there are many that seem to fall in the gray area--with vast disagreement about the moral status of them," Koppelman said. "I hope to show through my work that whether or not a given action in this gray area is perceived to be ethical or unethical depends largely on implicit assumptions about the nature of the scientific enterprise itself."

Thomas F. Malone
A past president of Sigma Xi (1988-89), Thomas Malone is distinguished university scholar emeritus at North Carolina State University and former Foreign Secretary of the National Academy of Sciences. He was the first secretary general of the International Council of Scientific Union's Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment and is a recipient of the Gold Medal of the World Meteorological Organization for his contributions to international scientific organizations. A past president of the American Geophysical Union and the American Meteorological Society, Malone is the recipient of the International St. Francis Prize for the Environment.

Patricia L. Oddone
Patricia Oddone is the executive assistant to the director of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, which is managed by the University of California for the U.S. Department of Energy. The oldest of the national laboratories, the Lawrence Berkeley facility is a multi-program lab where research is devoted to advanced materials, life sciences, energy efficiency, detectors and accelerators, serving America's needs in technology and the environment. From 1973 to 1984, Oddone held various positions in the office of the president at the University of California. She received a B.A. in English from the University of California at Berkeley in 1972.

Chris B. Pascal
Chris Pascal is acting director of the Office of Research Integrity within the Office of Public Health and Science at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. He began his government career over 20 years ago as chief counsel for the Alcohol, Drug Abuse and Mental Health Administration within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. After 15 years, he became chief counsel for the Office of Research Integrity within the U.S. Public Health Service, moving on three years later to become director of the Division of Research Investigations. Shortly thereafter, Mr. Pascal assumed his present position. He took his baccalaureate degree at Auburn University and his J.D. degree at Duke University. He did a postdoctoral fellowship in psychology and law in the psychiatry department at Duke University Medical Center.

C. Kumar N. Patel
A recipient of the National Medal of Science, C. Kumar N. Patel holds multiple professorships in physics and astronomy, chemistry, and electrical engineering at the University of California at Los Angeles. He was vice chancellor of research there from 1993 to 2000. Prior to that, he was executive director of the Research, Materials Science, Engineering and Academic Affairs Division at AT&T Bell Laboratories. A member of the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering, Patel is also a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. For his seminal contributions to lasers and quantum electronics (including his invention of the carbon dioxide laser), he has received many awards, including the highest honors from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and the Optical Society of America. Patel is a past president of Sigma Xi and the American Physical Society.

Robert T. Pennock
An associate professor at Michigan State University, Robert T. Pennock received his Ph.D. in the history and philosophy of science from the University of Pittsburgh. His research focuses on epistemic and ethical values in science. The author of Tower of Babel: The Evidence against the New Creationism, he is the recipient of the Templeton Prize for the exemplary paper in theology and the natural sciences, and the National Endowment for the Humanities/National Science Foundation fellowship on scientific, ethical and social challengers of contemporary genetic technology. In 1997, he co-directed a National Science Foundation Chautauqua Workshop on the "Ethical Implications of the Human Genome Project." Pennock has served as president of the University of Texas at Austin Chapter of Sigma Xi and is a member of the American Philosophical Association and the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

John Perhonis
John Perhonis received his B.A. from Amherst College and his M.A. and Ph.D. in American studies from the University of Minnesota. He has pursued a career with the federal government, first in program evaluation and science policy at the U.S. General Accounting Office, and, since 1988, through budget and program positions at the National Science Foundation. At the GAO he specialized in studies on federal funding of university research, and prepared and delivered testimony on science policy before the House Science Policy Committee. At NSF, he has been an associate program director in the Science and Technology Studies Program and the Societal Dimensions in Engineering, Science, Technology Program. He manages the dissertation proposals in both programs as well as ethics education projects in the Ethics and Value Studies Program.

Michael S. Pritchard
Michael Pritchard is a professor of philosophy and chair of the department at Western Michigan University, where he also directs the Center for the Study of Ethics in Society. Co-author (with C.E. Harris and Michael Rabins) of Engineering Ethics: Concepts and Cases, Pritchard has also prepared a set of 33 case studies in software form with which students can interact, along with a set of commentaries by various ethics teachers from engineering and philosophy. He is currently developing materials for students that emphasize exemplary engineering practice, in contrast to merely avoiding wrongdoing. He is also exploring, with chemist Ted Goldfarb of the State University of New York at Stoney Brook, ways in which science education in grades K-12 might include ethics. This involves summer workshops for high school science teachers who want to include ethics in their science teaching.

Lawrence J. Prochaska
Lawrence Prochaska is professor of biochemistry and molecular biology at Wright State University. He received his Ph.D. at Ohio State University, his B.S. at Illinois State University and began his career at Wright State in 1980. His research focuses on the biochemistry and molecular biology of membrane-bound enzymes that are crucial in heart and bacterial energy conservation reactions. The recipient of Wright State’s Excellence in Medical Education Leadership Award and the Distinguished Service Award from the American Heart Association’s Ohio Valley Affiliate, Prochaska has also received the Dayton Academy of Medicine Outstanding Senior Faculty Award for Excellence in Research and Teaching. A member of Sigma Xi, he is president-elect of the Ohio-West Virginia affiliate of the American Heart Association and has been active in the Biophysical Society, among other organizations.

Arthur H. Rubenstein
Gustave L. Levy Distinguished Professor Arthur H. Rubenstein is dean and CEO of Mount Sinai School of Medicine. He also serves as executive vice president of Mount Sinai/NYU Health. He is a former chair of the department of medicine at the University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine. An authority on diabetes, Rubenstein is a widely sought counselor to academic health centers and a frequent panelist at the annual meetings of the senior research societies in internal medicine. He collaborated with Donald Steiner who discovered proinsulin. The widely used assay for the C-peptide of insulin, developed in his laboratory, has provided a means of studying insulin metabolism in diabetic patients receiving exogenous insulin. For his research, Rubenstein has received numerous awards and named lectureships. He has authored more than 350 papers and has served on the editorial boards of Annals of Internal Medicine, Journal of Diabetes and its Complications, and Medicine.

Cliff Stoll
While an astrophysicist at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory in 1988, Stoll noticed a 75-cent accounting error in his computer. After a year of sleuthing, he tracked down a ring of computer hackers, who systematically broke into military and industrial computers, searching out defense secrets and retailing these to the Soviet KGB. His dogged investigation ultimately led to the arrest of the spy in Germany. Stoll has given talks on computer security to the FBI, CIA and NSA. More recently, he has become quite skeptical of the wide promotion of computers in the classroom: do they actually help to educate, or are they the filmstrips of the new millenium? Cliff has written three best selling books, including The Cuckoo's Egg and Silicon Snake Oil. On the side, he makes glass Klein Bottles.

Judith P. Swazey
Judith P. Swazey is founder and president of The Acadia Institute in Bar Harbor, Maine, an independent, nonprofit center for the study of issues concerning medicine, science and society. She also is an adjunct professor of social and behavioral sciences at the Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health. Her research, writing and teaching have focused on social, ethical and graduate and professional education. A Fellow of the American Association of the Advancement of Science and a member of the Institute of Medicine, Swazey has served on Sigma Xi’s Board of Directors and chaired its Science and Society Committee, and she has served on the boards, committees and councils of numerous other professional organizations. She was a member of the Department of Health and Human Services’ 1994-95 Commission on Research Integrity. Among other activities, she is principal investigator of The Acadia Institute Project on Bioethics in American Society.

Bill Valdez
Bill Valdez is director of planning and analysis in the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Science. His responsibilities include corporate strategic planning, budget planning, R&D evaluation and corporate communications. He has held various positions at the Department of Energy since 1994; most recently, as senior advisor to the director, Office of Science. He also worked at the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy from 1998-99, where his responsibilities included developing technology initiatives, preparing multi-agency reports on scientific workforce and international energy initiatives, and monitoring agency energy sector activities. Prior to working at DOE, Valdez worked as a senior project manager in private industry where he provided strategic planning services to Asian and European multinational corporations.

P. Aarne Vesilind
P. Aarne Vesilind is R. L. Rooke Professor of Engineering at Bucknell University, a position he accepted earlier this year following retirement after 30 years on the faculty at Duke University. While at Duke, Vesilind served as the chair of the department of civil and environmental engineering for seven years and was twice elected to chair the Engineering Faculty Council. A member of Sigma Xi, he is a former trustee of the American Academy of Environmental Engineers and a past-president of the Association of Environmental Engineering Professors. He serves on many technical and professional editorial boards and has written nine books on environmental engineering, solid waste management, education and environmental ethics. His book Introduction to Environmental Engineering (1998) incorporates ethics into an undergraduate environmental engineering course.

Janice Voltzow
Janice Voltzow is associate professor of biology at the University of Scranton. After earning her B.S. in biology at Yale University and a Ph.D. in zoology at Duke University, she was a postdoctoral fellow at the Friday Harbor Laboratories of the University of Washington. From 1986 to 1996 she held a faculty position at the University of Puerto Rico, where her research projects ranged from the rain forests to the coral reefs. Her current research focuses on the functional morphology and evolution of marine invertebrates. A member of Sigma Xi, she is president of the American Malacological Society. Voltzow has also served as chair of the public affairs committee of the American Society of Zoologists and as the representative of the Society of Integrative and Comparative Biology to the American Association for the Advancement of Science. She is a frequent reviewer of children’s nature books for Science Books and Films.

Jeffrey Wadsworth
Jeffrey Wadsworth is the deputy director for science and technology at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, with responsibility for the Science and Technology Office, the University Relations Program Office, the DoD Programs Office, the Office of Planning, Policy and Special Studies, the Industrial Partnerships and Commercialization Office and the Joint Human Genome Institute. Prior to this appointment, Dr. Wadsworth was associate director for the lab’s Chemistry and Materials Science Directorate. He has also served as manager of the metallurgy department at Lockheed Missiles & Space Company, Inc. His many publications include the book Superplasticity in Metals and Ceramics. Dr. Wadsworth is a Fellow of both the American Society for Metals and the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society. He is the recipient of the Brunton Medal for Excellence in Research and the Metallurgica Aparecida Prize.

Vivian Weil
Vivian Weil is professor of ethics and director of the Center for the Study of Ethics in the Professions at the Illinois Institute of Technology. She has also served as director of the Ethics and Values Studies Program of the National Science Foundation. Weil specializes on issues of professional responsibility, primarily in engineering and science. She is editor of Beyond Whistleblowing: Defining Engineers' Responsibilities; Biotechnology, Professional Issues, and Social Concerns; and Owning Scientific and Technical Information: Value and Ethical Issues (with John Snapper). Among her publications are the monographs "Engineering Ethics in Engineering Education" and (with a co-author) "Ethics and Relationships in Laboratories and Research Communities." Other publications include "Comments on 'The Psychology of Whistleblowing' and 'The Voice of Experience,'" and commentaries in Research Ethics: Fifteen Cases and Commentaries (Volumes I-IV).

Caroline Whitbeck
A philosopher of science, technology and medicine, Caroline Whitbeck holds the Elmer G. Beamer - Hubert H. Schneider Chair in Ethics at Case Western Reserve University, with appointments in the departments of philosophy and mechanical and aerospace engineering. Her work focuses on the place of practice in the development of scientific, medical and engineering concepts. Her work in practical and professional ethics centers on the perspective of the agent, the person who must respond to the problem. Her emphasis on problem-solving has widely influenced pedagogy in science and engineering ethics education. The author of Ethics in Engineering Practice and Research, Whitbeck serves on the editorial board of Science and Engineering Ethics and is founder and director of the Online Center for Ethics in Engineering and Science, the foremost ethics site for science and engineering. She is a member of Sigma Xi.

William A. Wulf
William A. Wulf, president of the National Academy of Engineering, is on leave from the University of Virginia, where he is a University Professor and AT&T Professor of Engineering in the computer science department. Prior to joining the UVA faculty, Wulf was an assistant director of the National Science Foundation, responsible for computing research, the national supercomputer centers and the NSFnet (predecessor to the Internet as we now know it). He also founded and was CEO of Tartan Laboratories, a software company in Pittsburgh based on research he did while on the faculty of Carnegie-Melon University. Wulf has conducted research in computer architecture, programming languages, optimizing compilers and computer security. A Sigma Xi member, he is a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, among others.

Robert Zand
At the University of Michigan, Robert Zand is a professor of biochemistry, a professor of macromolecular science and engineering and is also a research scientist in the Biophysics Research Division. He earned a B.S. degree in chemistry and physics at the University of Missouri and an M.S. at Polytechnic University of New York. After service in the army, he returned to graduate school and received his Ph.D. in chemistry from Brandeis University and went on to conduct postdoctoral research at Harvard University. Zand’s interests include using techniques of biophysical chemistry to problems of structure and function in biological macromolecules. He has been active in Sigma Xi at the local and societal levels, as a chapter president and on the Society’s board of directors.