Results by Gender, All Institutions

Survey results by gender for all institutions aggregated together. Excludes respondents who indicated that they were not in fact a postdoc (question RE25 in "Your Postdoc")

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"About You" provides basic demographic information (sex, race/ethnicity, age, citizenship, time as a postdoc, and so on).

AY01.	Are you... [More details]   Men Women 1 = Male ≥99.0% (≥4311 / 4355) ≤1.0% (≤32 / 3182) 2 = Female ≤1.0% (≤44 / 4355) ≥99.0% (≥3150 / 3182) 3 = Prefer not to answer ≤1.0% (≤44 / 4355) ≤1.0% (≤32 / 3182)
AY02.	In what year were you born? [More details] Type the 4-digit year in the space below.   Men Women Mean 1970.3   1970.5   Standard deviation 4.6   4.8
AY03.	In what country did you earn your doctorate (or equivalent degree)? [More details]   Men Women 1 = United States 48.2% (2092 / 4336) 59.1% (1870 / 3164) 37 = China 10.6% (458 / 4336) 6.0% (189 / 3164) 78 = India 5.1% (222 / 4336) 3.9% (123 / 3164) 86 = Japan 5.2% (227 / 4336) 2.1% (65 / 3164) 184 = United Kingdom 3.9% (170 / 4336) 3.4% (106 / 3164) 66 = Germany 4.2% (181 / 4336) 2.8% (89 / 3164) 62 = France 2.6% (112 / 4336) 2.8% (88 / 3164) 32 = Canada 2.4% (102 / 4336) 2.3% (72 / 3164) 92 = Korea, South 2.2% (97 / 4336) 1.2% (39 / 3164) 83 = Israel 1.5% (65 / 4336) 1.3% (41 / 3164) [More choices]
AY04state.	Please select the state in which the university that granted your doctorate or equivalent degree is located. [More details] Note: Asked of people who earned their doctorates in the US Condition: AY03=1   Men Women California = California 15.7% (310 / 1971) 12.0% (213 / 1775) NewYork = New York 8.5% (167 / 1971) 7.7% (136 / 1775) Pennsylvania = Pennsylvania 5.6% (111 / 1971) 6.6% (118 / 1775) NorthCarolina = North Carolina 4.3% (84 / 1971) 6.4% (114 / 1775) Illinois = Illinois 5.6% (110 / 1971) 4.9% (87 / 1775) Massachusetts = Massachusetts 4.6% (91 / 1971) 5.8% (103 / 1775) Texas = Texas 5.1% (100 / 1971) 3.8% (67 / 1775) Michigan = Michigan 4.2% (83 / 1971) 4.6% (82 / 1775) Maryland = Maryland 3.5% (68 / 1971) 4.7% (84 / 1775) Wisconsin = Wisconsin 3.9% (76 / 1971) 2.7% (48 / 1775) [More choices]
AY04.	Please select the university where you received your doctorate (or equivalent degree) from the list below. [More details] Note: This question was used to estimate the National Research Council ratings of participants' doctorate granting departments with data from Research-Doctorate Programs in the United States: Continuity and Change. Condition: AY04state <> None If your institution is not on the list, type your answer in the space below.   Men Women 211 = University of Michigan 2.7% (53 / 1966) 2.9% (52 / 1770) 280 = Other (please specify) 2.9% (57 / 1966) 2.7% (47 / 1770) 260 = University of Wisconsin-Madison 3.2% (63 / 1966) 2.0% (35 / 1770) 177 = University of California-Berkeley 2.7% (54 / 1966) 2.3% (41 / 1770) 75 = Johns Hopkins University 1.9% (38 / 1966) 3.1% (55 / 1770) 224 = University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill 1.6% (31 / 1966) 2.9% (51 / 1770) 145 = Stanford University 2.4% (48 / 1966) 1.4% (24 / 1770) 269 = Washington University 1.5% (29 / 1966) 2.4% (43 / 1770) 38 = Cornell University 1.9% (37 / 1966) 1.8% (31 / 1770) 62 = Harvard University 1.3% (26 / 1966) 2.3% (41 / 1770) [More choices]
AY05_revised.	In what field of study did you earn your most recent doctorate? [More details] Note: The taxonomy of research fields was derived from a (pre-final) version of the National Research Council's taxonomy of graduate programs Select the field or fields that most accurately describe your doctoral research from the following list.  Note that we are asking about your research, not the field associated with your doctorate-granting department.   Men Women 8 = Molecular Biology 15.8% (681 / 4301) 17.7% (551 / 3111) 1 = Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Structural Biology 14.9% (642 / 4301) 13.4% (417 / 3111) 2 = Cell Biology 9.2% (395 / 4301) 11.3% (350 / 3111) 81 = Chemistry 11.3% (484 / 4301) 7.0% (218 / 3111) 9 = Neuroscience and Neurobiology 6.9% (298 / 4301) 8.3% (259 / 3111) 6 = Immunology and Infectious Diseases 5.7% (247 / 4301) 6.8% (211 / 3111) 5 = Genetics, Genomics, and Bioinformatics 5.7% (247 / 4301) 6.5% (201 / 3111) 7 = Microbiology 5.3% (228 / 4301) 5.3% (164 / 3111) 82 = Physics 6.9% (296 / 4301) 2.1% (65 / 3111) 3 = Developmental Biology 3.2% (139 / 4301) 4.2% (130 / 3111) [More choices]
AY06.	What is your citizenship? [More details]   Men Women 1 = U.S. citizen, native born 29.7% (1287 / 4329) 42.7% (1348 / 3160) 2 = U.S. citizen, naturalized 3.3% (143 / 4329) 4.9% (155 / 3160) 3 = Non-U.S. citizen, legal permanent resident ("green card" holder) 5.8% (250 / 4329) 7.3% (231 / 3160) 4 = Non U.S. citizen, with temporary U.S. visa 60.2% (2608 / 4329) 44.1% (1394 / 3160) 5 = Don't know ≤1.0% (≤44 / 4329) ≤1.0% (≤32 / 3160) 6 = Prefer not to answer ≤1.0% (≤44 / 4329) ≤1.0% (≤32 / 3160)
AY07.	What type of visa do you have? [More details] Note: Asked of people on temporary visas Condition: AY06=4   Men Women 1 = J-1 51.3% (1336 / 2605) 51.7% (720 / 1392) 2 = F-1 3.5% (90 / 2605) 3.2% (45 / 1392) 3 = H-1B 41.1% (1070 / 2605) 39.9% (555 / 1392) 4 = TN-1 2.0% (51 / 2605) 1.7% (24 / 1392) 5 = Other 1.5% (38 / 2605) 2.7% (38 / 1392) 6 = Prefer not to answer ≤1.0% (≤27 / 2605) ≤1.0% (≤14 / 1392)
AY09.	Are you Hispanic (or Latino)? [More details] Note: Asked of US citizens and permanent residents (This question is based on a US census question) Condition: AY06=1 or AY06=2 or AY06=3   Men Women 1 = Yes 4.1% (69 / 1672) 3.8% (66 / 1729) 2 = No 93.9% (1570 / 1672) 95.0% (1643 / 1729) 3 = Don't Know ≤1.0% (≤17 / 1672) ≤1.0% (≤18 / 1729) 5 = Prefer not to answer 1.6% (26 / 1672) 1.1% (19 / 1729)
AY10.	Which of the following describes your Hispanic origin or descent? [More details] Note: Asked of people who indicated that they are Hispanic/Latino (This question is based on a US census question) Condition: AY09=1 Please select all that apply.   Men Women 5 = Other Hispanic 44.6% (25 / 56) 45.9% (28 / 61) 1 = Mexican American or Chicano 32.1% (18 / 56) 26.2% (16 / 61) 2 = Puerto Rican 12.5% (7 / 56) 13.1% (8 / 61) 3 = Cuban 8.9% (5 / 56) 9.8% (6 / 61) 4 = Don't Know ≤5.0% (≤3 / 56) ≤5.0% (≤4 / 61) 6 = Prefer not to answer ≤5.0% (≤3 / 56) ≤5.0% (≤4 / 61)
AY12.	What is your race? [More details] Note: Asked of US citizens and permanent residents (This question is based on a US census question) Condition: AY06=1 or AY06=2 or AY06=3 Please select all that apply.   Men Women 1 = White 75.4% (1257 / 1668) 74.5% (1287 / 1727) 5 = Asian 16.2% (271 / 1668) 16.0% (276 / 1727) 2 = Black or African American 2.0% (33 / 1668) 5.3% (91 / 1727) 8 = Prefer not to answer 4.4% (74 / 1668) 2.4% (42 / 1727) 6 = Other. Please type your race in the space below. 3.0% (50 / 1668) 2.3% (39 / 1727) 3 = American Indian or Alaska Native ≤1.0% (≤17 / 1668) ≤1.0% (≤18 / 1727) 4 = Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander ≤1.0% (≤17 / 1668) ≤1.0% (≤18 / 1727) 7 = Don't Know ≤1.0% (≤17 / 1668) ≤1.0% (≤18 / 1727)
AY14.	Which of the following groups best describes you? [More details] Note: Asked of people who indicated that they are Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islanders (This question is based on a US census question) Condition: 4 in AY12 Please select all that apply.   Men Women 4 = Other Pacific Islander (please specify) * * ≥80.0% (≥8 / 10) 1 = Native Hawaiian * * ≤20.0% (≤2 / 10) 2 = Guamanian or Chamorro * * ≤20.0% (≤2 / 10) 5 = Don't Know * * ≤20.0% (≤2 / 10) 3 = Samoan * * ≤20.0% (≤2 / 10) 6 = Prefer not to answer * * ≤20.0% (≤2 / 10)
AY16.	Which of the following groups best describes you? [More details] Condition: 5 in AY12 Please select all that apply.   Men Women 2 = Chinese 52.8% (142 / 269) 46.7% (129 / 276) 1 = Asian Indian 17.8% (48 / 269) 23.9% (66 / 276) 5 = Korean 9.3% (25 / 269) 10.1% (28 / 276) 7 = Other Asian (please specify) 8.6% (23 / 269) 7.2% (20 / 276) 4 = Japanese 5.6% (15 / 269) 7.6% (21 / 276) 6 = Vietnamese 5.2% (14 / 269) 1.4% (4 / 276) 3 = Filipino 1.5% (4 / 269) 2.9% (8 / 276) 9 = Prefer not to answer 1.9% (5 / 269) ≤1.0% (≤3 / 276) 8 = Don't Know ≤1.0% (≤3 / 269) ≤1.0% (≤3 / 276)
AY18.	Of which country are you a citizen? [More details] Note: Asked of non-US citizens Condition: AY06=3 or AY06=4   Men Women 37 = China 25.5% (704 / 2764) 20.4% (321 / 1572) 78 = India 11.0% (303 / 2764) 10.2% (160 / 1572) 66 = Germany 6.7% (186 / 2764) 5.2% (82 / 1572) 92 = Korea, South 6.2% (172 / 2764) 4.6% (73 / 1572) 86 = Japan 6.9% (191 / 2764) 2.9% (45 / 1572) 32 = Canada 4.5% (124 / 2764) 5.5% (86 / 1572) 62 = France 4.0% (110 / 2764) 5.6% (88 / 1572) 184 = United Kingdom 3.9% (108 / 2764) 4.6% (72 / 1572) 84 = Italy 2.1% (57 / 2764) 3.0% (47 / 1572) 162 = Spain 1.7% (48 / 2764) 3.6% (56 / 1572) [More choices]
AY19.	Are you a person with a disability? [More details]   Men Women 1 = Yes ≤1.0% (≤44 / 4310) ≤1.0% (≤32 / 3152) 2 = No 98.4% (4240 / 4310) 98.4% (3101 / 3152) 3 = Don't Know ≤1.0% (≤44 / 4310) ≤1.0% (≤32 / 3152) 4 = Prefer not to answer ≤1.0% (≤44 / 4310) ≤1.0% (≤32 / 3152)
AY20.	Which of the following categories describes your disability(ies)? [More details] Note: Asked of people who indicated that they have a disability Condition: AY19=1 Please select all that apply.   Men Women 3 = Physical/Orthopedic Disability 43.8% (7 / 16) 39.3% (11 / 28) 2 = Deaf/Hard of Hearing ≤20.0% (≤4 / 16) 25.0% (7 / 28) 6 = Other (please specify) ≤20.0% (≤4 / 16) 17.9% (5 / 28) 4 = Learning/Cognitive Disability ≤20.0% (≤4 / 16) ≤10.0% (≤3 / 28) 8 = Prefer not to answer ≤20.0% (≤4 / 16) ≤10.0% (≤3 / 28) 1 = Blind/Visually Impaired ≤20.0% (≤4 / 16) ≤10.0% (≤3 / 28) 5 = Vocal/Speech Disability ≤20.0% (≤4 / 16) ≤10.0% (≤3 / 28) 7 = Don't Know ≤20.0% (≤4 / 16) ≤10.0% (≤3 / 28)
AY21.	Not counting your current postdoctoral position, how many previous postdoctoral positions have you held? [More details] Count multiple reappointments to the same position at the same institution as only one position.   Men Women 1 = 0 65.3% (2798 / 4286) 69.4% (2182 / 3145) 2 = 1 26.9% (1152 / 4286) 24.3% (763 / 3145) 3 = 2 5.4% (233 / 4286) 4.3% (135 / 3145) 4 = 3 1.3% (54 / 4286) 1.2% (37 / 3145) 5 = 4 ≤1.0% (≤43 / 4286) ≤1.0% (≤32 / 3145) 6 = 5 ≤1.0% (≤43 / 4286) ≤1.0% (≤32 / 3145) 7 = 6 or more ≤1.0% (≤43 / 4286) ≤1.0% (≤32 / 3145) 8 = Don't Know ≤1.0% (≤43 / 4286) ≤1.0% (≤32 / 3145) 9 = Prefer not to answer ≤1.0% (≤43 / 4286) ≤1.0% (≤32 / 3145)
AY22.	Please indicate how interested you were in a career at the following types of organizations at the time you first became a postdoc. [More details]   Please indicate how interested you were in a career at the following types of organizations at the time you first became a postdoc. AY22A. Research university [More details]   Men Women 1 = Not at all interested 2.4% (100 / 4247) 4.4% (138 / 3112) 2 = Somewhat interested 15.5% (658 / 4247) 20.3% (632 / 3112) 3 = Very interested 81.6% (3464 / 4247) 74.7% (2326 / 3112) 4 = Don't know ≤1.0% (≤43 / 4247) ≤1.0% (≤32 / 3112) 5 = Prefer not to answer ≤1.0% (≤43 / 4247) ≤1.0% (≤32 / 3112)   Please indicate how interested you were in a career at the following types of organizations at the time you first became a postdoc. AY22B. Primarily undergraduate institution/Liberal arts college [More details]   Men Women 1 = Not at all interested 48.7% (1740 / 3574) 46.8% (1236 / 2641) 2 = Somewhat interested 33.9% (1213 / 3574) 35.5% (937 / 2641) 3 = Very interested 11.1% (395 / 3574) 13.7% (363 / 2641) 4 = Don't know 5.3% (189 / 3574) 3.6% (94 / 2641) 5 = Prefer not to answer 1.0% (37 / 3574) ≤1.0% (≤27 / 2641)   Please indicate how interested you were in a career at the following types of organizations at the time you first became a postdoc. AY22C. Industry [More details]   Men Women 1 = Not at all interested 20.1% (775 / 3865) 26.5% (751 / 2834) 2 = Somewhat interested 47.5% (1837 / 3865) 44.4% (1257 / 2834) 3 = Very interested 30.1% (1164 / 3865) 27.3% (774 / 2834) 4 = Don't know 1.7% (66 / 3865) 1.6% (45 / 2834) 5 = Prefer not to answer ≤1.0% (≤39 / 3865) ≤1.0% (≤29 / 2834)   Please indicate how interested you were in a career at the following types of organizations at the time you first became a postdoc. AY22D. Government [More details]   Men Women 1 = Not at all interested 27.3% (1017 / 3727) 30.8% (839 / 2722) 2 = Somewhat interested 46.7% (1741 / 3727) 44.6% (1214 / 2722) 3 = Very interested 21.9% (817 / 3727) 21.2% (576 / 2722) 4 = Don't know 3.2% (120 / 3727) 3.1% (84 / 2722) 5 = Prefer not to answer ≤1.0% (≤38 / 3727) ≤1.0% (≤28 / 2722)   Please indicate how interested you were in a career at the following types of organizations at the time you first became a postdoc. AY22E. Communications/Media/Publishing [More details]   Men Women 1 = Not at all interested 72.4% (2568 / 3547) 69.6% (1828 / 2627) 2 = Somewhat interested 17.7% (629 / 3547) 21.5% (564 / 2627) 3 = Very interested 3.9% (138 / 3547) 4.6% (122 / 2627) 4 = Don't know 5.1% (181 / 3547) 3.9% (102 / 2627) 5 = Prefer not to answer ≤1.0% (≤36 / 3547) ≤1.0% (≤27 / 2627)   Please indicate how interested you were in a career at the following types of organizations at the time you first became a postdoc. AY22F. Nonprofit [More details]   Men Women 1 = Not at all interested 52.7% (1896 / 3598) 48.9% (1294 / 2644) 2 = Somewhat interested 31.6% (1136 / 3598) 34.2% (905 / 2644) 3 = Very interested 7.8% (281 / 3598) 10.1% (268 / 2644) 4 = Don't know 6.9% (247 / 3598) 5.9% (157 / 2644) 5 = Prefer not to answer 1.1% (38 / 3598) ≤1.0% (≤27 / 2644)   Please indicate how interested you were in a career at the following types of organizations at the time you first became a postdoc. AY22G. Legal services [More details]   Men Women 1 = Not at all interested 79.0% (2799 / 3543) 81.8% (2142 / 2620) 2 = Somewhat interested 11.8% (419 / 3543) 11.3% (296 / 2620) 3 = Very interested 1.9% (67 / 3543) 1.8% (48 / 2620) 4 = Don't know 6.0% (213 / 3543) 4.5% (118 / 2620) 5 = Prefer not to answer 1.3% (45 / 3543) ≤1.0% (≤27 / 2620)   Please indicate how interested you were in a career at the following types of organizations at the time you first became a postdoc. AY22H. Consulting [More details]   Men Women 1 = Not at all interested 49.8% (1790 / 3593) 57.0% (1509 / 2649) 2 = Somewhat interested 34.5% (1240 / 3593) 29.3% (775 / 2649) 3 = Very interested 9.9% (356 / 3593) 8.4% (223 / 2649) 4 = Don't know 4.7% (168 / 3593) 4.9% (129 / 2649) 5 = Prefer not to answer 1.1% (39 / 3593) ≤1.0% (≤27 / 2649)   Please indicate how interested you were in a career at the following types of organizations at the time you first became a postdoc. AY22I. Self [More details]   Men Women 1 = Not at all interested 55.3% (1962 / 3546) 67.5% (1752 / 2596) 2 = Somewhat interested 26.5% (939 / 3546) 17.5% (455 / 2596) 3 = Very interested 7.9% (280 / 3546) 4.5% (117 / 2596) 4 = Don't know 8.8% (311 / 3546) 9.8% (254 / 2596) 5 = Prefer not to answer 1.5% (54 / 3546) ≤1.0% (≤26 / 2596)

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